Nanocrystalline VITROPERM

State-of-the-art Ribbon with Outstanding Soft Magnetic Properties

VITROPERM^® is an iron-based nanocrystalline material with an outstanding combination of soft-magnetic properties, making it the state-of-the-art material for a wide range of applications.

VITROPERM products are available as ribbon in thicknesses from 14 µm to 20 µm and widths from 2 mm to 66 mm.

Benefits:

High saturation flux density ≥ 1.2 T
Permeability can be adjusted in the range from 400 to 800,000
Excellent thermal stability over a wide temperature range
Low core losses and low coercivity
Low or zero saturation magnetostriction
Highest surface quality of all nanocrystalline materials

Details

Typical Applications vs. Magnetization Curve / Hysteresis Loop

R-type loop (round loop)

Annealing without magnetic field
VITROPERM 400 R, VITROPERM 800 R
Applications: differential current transformer for AC type RCDs, magnetic shielding

F-type loop (flat loop)

Annealing with transverse magnetic field
VITROPERM 220, VITROPERM 250, VITROPERM 270 F, VITROPERM 800 F
Applications: current transformers, common mode chokes

Z-type loop (rectangular loop)

Annealing with longitudinal magnetic field
VITROPERM 800 Z
Applications: magnetic amplifiers, spike blockers

Cores for low permeability
VITROPERM 220, VITROPERM 250, VITROPERM 270

Current transformers for electronic electricity meters / smart meters (smart grid)
Common mode chokes with high DC tolerance

Cores for high permeability
VITROPERM 500, VITROPERM 800

Common mode chokes (CMC’s) for EMI filters in renewable energy, electric drives and motors, EV-charging and automotive
Gate drive transformer and current transformers (CT’s) in electric drives and motors, EV-charging and automotive
Shielding material in wireless power transfer

Frequency range DC up to 13.56 MHz (subject to annealing and subsequent processing)
High saturation flux density Bs ≥ 1.2 T
- small cores or thin shielding material
High Curie temperature T_C ≈ 600 °C
- high thermal stability
- high service temperatures ≤120 °C
Low core losses at high frequencies due to
- Low coercivity H_C ≈ 0.5 to 5 A/m
- Low ribbon thickness d ≈ 14 to 20 µm
- High electrical resistivity ρ ≈ 1.15 µΩm
Small magnetostriction: λ_s ≈ 0 to 11 ppm
Outstanding versatility:
- R-, F- or Z-type hysteresis loop and
- wide permeability range µ ≈ 400 to 800,000

Chemical Composition

Alloy	Fe	Ni	Co	Cu	Nb	Si	B	Unit
VITROPERM 220	Bal. (66.4)	11.6	8.1	1.0	5.3	5.9	1.7	wt.-%
	Bal. (60.5)	10.1	7.0	0.8	2.9	10.7	8.0	at.-%
VITROPERM 250	Bal. (74.2)	11.6	-	1.0	5.3	6.2	1.7	wt.-%
	Bal. (67.2)	10.0	-	0.8	2.9	11.2	8.0	at.-%
VITROPERM 270	Bal. (79.7)	5.8	-	1.0	5.4	6.4	1.7	wt.-%
	Bal. (71.8)	5.0	-	0.8	2.9	11.5	8.0	at.-%
VITROPERM 400	Bal. (84.5)	-	-	1.8	5.2	7.6	1.7	wt.-%
	Bal. (75.2)	-	-	0.8	2.8	13.4	7.8	at.-%
VITROPERM 500/800	Bal. (82.8)	-	-	1.3	5.6	8.8	1.5	wt.-%
	Bal. (73.6)	-	-	1.0	3.0	15.1	6.9	at.-%

Various Vitroperm Grades available

VITROPERM 220, VITROPERM 250, VITROPERM 270

Alloys with small magnetostriction (6 to 11 ppm – subject to alloy)
Annealing with transverse magnetic field leads to flat hysteresis loop and low permeabilities (1,800 to 5,100 – subject to alloy)

VITROPERM 400

Alloy with very small magnetostriction (3 to 5 ppm) and high saturation flux density (1.3 T)
Annealing, typically without magnetic field, leads to round hysteresis loop and highest permeability µmax (< 800,000)

VITROPERM 500, VITROPERM 800

Zero-magnetostrictive by proper annealing
Extremely versatile (R-, Z- and F-loop achievable with proper annealing)
Lowest losses due to availability of low thickness down to 14 µm and zero magnetostriction
Widest range of adjustable permeabilities (typ. 20,000 to 200,000, with special processing 400 to 2,000)

Production Process of Nanocrystalline VITROPERM

VITROPERM is cast in a rapid solidification process to a fully amorphous and ductile ribbon.

In a subsequent annealing process with or without magnetic field it is transformed to the nanocrystalline state at temperatures typ. in the range of 480 to 580 °C.

The crystallites have a typical grain size of 10 nanometers and are embedded in the amorphous matrix.

Permeability µi vs. Saturation Flux Density Bs (F-Type Loop)

VITROPERM is equal or superior to ferrites, permalloys and amorphous materials based on cobalt.

Typical Applications

Typical Applications vs. Magnetization Curve / Hysteresis Loop

R-type loop (round loop)

Annealing without magnetic field
VITROPERM 400 R, VITROPERM 800 R
Applications: differential current transformer for AC type RCDs, magnetic shielding

F-type loop (flat loop)

Annealing with transverse magnetic field
VITROPERM 220, VITROPERM 250, VITROPERM 270 F, VITROPERM 800 F
Applications: current transformers, common mode chokes

Z-type loop (rectangular loop)

Annealing with longitudinal magnetic field
VITROPERM 800 Z
Applications: magnetic amplifiers, spike blockers

Cores for low permeability
VITROPERM 220, VITROPERM 250, VITROPERM 270

Current transformers for electronic electricity meters / smart meters (smart grid)
Common mode chokes with high DC tolerance

Cores for high permeability
VITROPERM 500, VITROPERM 800

Common mode chokes (CMC’s) for EMI filters in renewable energy, electric drives and motors, EV-charging and automotive
Gate drive transformer and current transformers (CT’s) in electric drives and motors, EV-charging and automotive
Shielding material in wireless power transfer

Technical Specification

Frequency range DC up to 13.56 MHz (subject to annealing and subsequent processing)
High saturation flux density Bs ≥ 1.2 T
- small cores or thin shielding material
High Curie temperature T_C ≈ 600 °C
- high thermal stability
- high service temperatures ≤120 °C
Low core losses at high frequencies due to
- Low coercivity H_C ≈ 0.5 to 5 A/m
- Low ribbon thickness d ≈ 14 to 20 µm
- High electrical resistivity ρ ≈ 1.15 µΩm
Small magnetostriction: λ_s ≈ 0 to 11 ppm
Outstanding versatility:
- R-, F- or Z-type hysteresis loop and
- wide permeability range µ ≈ 400 to 800,000

Chemical Composition

Alloy	Fe	Ni	Co	Cu	Nb	Si	B	Unit
VITROPERM 220	Bal. (66.4)	11.6	8.1	1.0	5.3	5.9	1.7	wt.-%
	Bal. (60.5)	10.1	7.0	0.8	2.9	10.7	8.0	at.-%
VITROPERM 250	Bal. (74.2)	11.6	-	1.0	5.3	6.2	1.7	wt.-%
	Bal. (67.2)	10.0	-	0.8	2.9	11.2	8.0	at.-%
VITROPERM 270	Bal. (79.7)	5.8	-	1.0	5.4	6.4	1.7	wt.-%
	Bal. (71.8)	5.0	-	0.8	2.9	11.5	8.0	at.-%
VITROPERM 400	Bal. (84.5)	-	-	1.8	5.2	7.6	1.7	wt.-%
	Bal. (75.2)	-	-	0.8	2.8	13.4	7.8	at.-%
VITROPERM 500/800	Bal. (82.8)	-	-	1.3	5.6	8.8	1.5	wt.-%
	Bal. (73.6)	-	-	1.0	3.0	15.1	6.9	at.-%

Product Details

Various Vitroperm Grades available

VITROPERM 220, VITROPERM 250, VITROPERM 270

Alloys with small magnetostriction (6 to 11 ppm – subject to alloy)
Annealing with transverse magnetic field leads to flat hysteresis loop and low permeabilities (1,800 to 5,100 – subject to alloy)

VITROPERM 400

Alloy with very small magnetostriction (3 to 5 ppm) and high saturation flux density (1.3 T)
Annealing, typically without magnetic field, leads to round hysteresis loop and highest permeability µmax (< 800,000)

VITROPERM 500, VITROPERM 800

Zero-magnetostrictive by proper annealing
Extremely versatile (R-, Z- and F-loop achievable with proper annealing)
Lowest losses due to availability of low thickness down to 14 µm and zero magnetostriction
Widest range of adjustable permeabilities (typ. 20,000 to 200,000, with special processing 400 to 2,000)

Production Process of Nanocrystalline VITROPERM

VITROPERM is cast in a rapid solidification process to a fully amorphous and ductile ribbon.

In a subsequent annealing process with or without magnetic field it is transformed to the nanocrystalline state at temperatures typ. in the range of 480 to 580 °C.

The crystallites have a typical grain size of 10 nanometers and are embedded in the amorphous matrix.

Permeability µi vs. Saturation Flux Density Bs (F-Type Loop)

VITROPERM is equal or superior to ferrites, permalloys and amorphous materials based on cobalt.

Magnetic Properties
Physical Properties

Alloy	Saturation Polarisation J_S[T]	Permeability µ	DC Coercivity H_C[A/m]	Saturation Magnetostriction λ_S [ppm]	Losses ρ [W/kg]	Curie Temperature T_C[°C]	Condition
VITROPERM 220	1.24	1,800 - 2,400	<5	10 - 11	-	600	transverse field annealing / F annealed
VITROPERM 250	1.24	2,800 - 4,000	<3	8 - 9	-	600	transverse field annealing / F annealed
VITROPERM 270	1.21	4,700 - 5,100	<3	6 - 7	-	600	transverse field annealing / F annealed
VITROPERM 400	1.30	µ (0.2 A/m) ˜80,000	<1	3 - 5	≤70 (@100 kHz, 0.2T)	600	annealing without field / R annealed
		µ (0.4 A/m) >200,000
		µ_max ˜500,000
VITROPERM 500/800	1.24	20,000 - 200,000	<0.5	˜0 (IλSI < 0.5)	≤80 (@100 kHz, 0.3 T, F)	600	transverse field annealing / F annealed
		µ_max ˜600,000	<1		0.03 (@50 Hz, 1.0 T, R)		annealing without field / R annealed
		400 - 2,000					stress annealed
		400 - 4,000					breaking after lamination / R annealed

Alloy	Available Thickness t [µm]	Mass Density amorphous ρ [g/cm³]	Mass Density nanocrystalline ρ [g/cm³]	Electrical Resistivity ρ_el[µΩm]	Coefficient of Thermal Expansion α [10^-6/K]	Young's Modulus E [GPa]	Hardness [N/mm²]	Crystallization Temperature T_C[°C]
VITROPERM 220	20 ±3	7.42	7.62	1.15	8	150	1000	460
VITROPERM 250	20 ±3	7.35	7.55	1.15	8	150	1000	480
VITROPERM 270	18 ±3	7.30	7.50	1.15	8	150	1000	480
VITROPERM 400	18 ±3	7.20	7.39	1.15	8	150	1000	495
VITROPERM 500/800	18 ±3	7.17	7.35	1.15	8	150	1000	510
	17 ±2
	16 ±2
	14 ±2

Magnetic Properties

Alloy	Saturation Polarisation J_S[T]	Permeability µ	DC Coercivity H_C[A/m]	Saturation Magnetostriction λ_S [ppm]	Losses ρ [W/kg]	Curie Temperature T_C[°C]	Condition
VITROPERM 220	1.24	1,800 - 2,400	<5	10 - 11	-	600	transverse field annealing / F annealed
VITROPERM 250	1.24	2,800 - 4,000	<3	8 - 9	-	600	transverse field annealing / F annealed
VITROPERM 270	1.21	4,700 - 5,100	<3	6 - 7	-	600	transverse field annealing / F annealed
VITROPERM 400	1.30	µ (0.2 A/m) ˜80,000	<1	3 - 5	≤70 (@100 kHz, 0.2T)	600	annealing without field / R annealed
		µ (0.4 A/m) >200,000
		µ_max ˜500,000
VITROPERM 500/800	1.24	20,000 - 200,000	<0.5	˜0 (IλSI < 0.5)	≤80 (@100 kHz, 0.3 T, F)	600	transverse field annealing / F annealed
		µ_max ˜600,000	<1		0.03 (@50 Hz, 1.0 T, R)		annealing without field / R annealed
		400 - 2,000					stress annealed
		400 - 4,000					breaking after lamination / R annealed

Physical Properties

Alloy	Available Thickness t [µm]	Mass Density amorphous ρ [g/cm³]	Mass Density nanocrystalline ρ [g/cm³]	Electrical Resistivity ρ_el[µΩm]	Coefficient of Thermal Expansion α [10^-6/K]	Young's Modulus E [GPa]	Hardness [N/mm²]	Crystallization Temperature T_C[°C]
VITROPERM 220	20 ±3	7.42	7.62	1.15	8	150	1000	460
VITROPERM 250	20 ±3	7.35	7.55	1.15	8	150	1000	480
VITROPERM 270	18 ±3	7.30	7.50	1.15	8	150	1000	480
VITROPERM 400	18 ±3	7.20	7.39	1.15	8	150	1000	495
VITROPERM 500/800	18 ±3	7.17	7.35	1.15	8	150	1000	510
	17 ±2
	16 ±2
	14 ±2

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Soft Magnetic Materials and Semi-finished Products

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VITROPERM 220 / 250

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VITROPERM 270

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VITROPERM 500 / 800

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